Cooperatives play a vital role in improving market access for rural producers in developing economies, particularly in regions where small-scale farmers face constraints such as limited capital, weak bargaining power, and inadequate market information. In Zanzibar, rural producers engaged in agriculture and fisheries often depend on cooperatives to connect them to export markets for products such as cloves, seaweed, spices, and fish. This study examines the role of cooperatives in linking rural producers to export markets and their contribution to improving rural livelihoods in Zanzibar.

Using a descriptive and analytical research design, the study draws on primary data collected from cooperative members and key informants, as well as secondary data from government reports and trade statistics. The findings indicate that cooperatives facilitate access to export markets by aggregating produce, ensuring quality standards, providing market information, and negotiating better prices on behalf of members. Through collective action, cooperatives reduce transaction costs and strengthen the bargaining position of small-scale producers in international trade. Additionally, cooperatives support rural producers by offering training, input provision, and financial services, which enhance productivity and export readiness.

Despite these benefits, the study identifies challenges facing cooperatives, including limited managerial capacity, inadequate financing, and fluctuating global market prices. The study concludes that strengthening cooperative governance and institutional support can enhance their effectiveness in linking rural producers to export markets. Policymakers and development partners are encouraged to invest in capacity building and supportive trade policies to maximize the contribution of cooperatives to sustainable rural development in Zanzibar.